FIRE EXTINGUISHER

A portable fire extinguisher is a "first aid" device and is very effective when used while the fire is small. The use of fire extinguisher that matches the class of fire, by a person who is well trained, can save both lives and property. Portable fire extinguishers must be installed in workplaces regardless of other firefighting measures. The successful performance of a fire extinguisher in a fire situation largely depends on its proper selection, inspection, maintenance, and distribution.

Fire is a chemical reaction involving the rapid burning of fuel. Fuel can be any combustible material–solid, liquid or gas. Fires need four elements to occur: fuel, oxygen (16% or more), heat, and chemical reaction. Remove any of these factors and the fire cannot occur or will extinguish itself if it is already burning.

Classification of Fires and Selection of Extinguishers

Fires are classified into four general categories depending on the type of material or fuel involved. The type of fire determines the type of extinguisher that should be used to extinguish it.

1. Class A fires involve materials such as wood, paper, and cloth which produce glowing embers or char.
2. Class B fires involve flammable gases, liquids, and greases, including gasoline and most hydrocarbon liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur.
3. Class C fires involve fires in live electrical equipment or in materials near electrically powered equipment.
4. Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, zirconium, potassium, and sodium.

Extinguishers will be selected according to the potential fire hazard, the construction and occupancy of facilities, hazard to be protected, and other factors pertinent to the situation.

In operating a fire extinguisher, it is help­ful to remember the word “PASS” to guide you through each step. PASS stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

Step 1 – Pull the pin. Some extinguishers require releasing a lock latch or pressing a puncture lever.

Step 2 – Aim low. Point the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire.

Step 3 – Squeeze the handle while holding the extinguisher upright. This releases the extinguishing agent.

Step 4 – Sweep from side to side. Keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire, and sweep back and forth until it appears to be out. Watch the fire area. If fire breaks out again, repeat the process.

Most portable extinguishers work according to these directions. Each unit carries specific directions for its use printed on the extin­guisher case. It is important to be familiar with these instructions before an emergency.

Fire extinguishers require routine inspection, maintenance, and testing. Employers are responsible for the required monthly visual and annual maintenance checks. Routine maintenance information is included with the operator’s manual or may be obtained from the manufacturer. Specific information on hydrostatic testing of fire extinguishers is contained in CFR 29 1910.157(f). Reusable fire extinguishers must be recharged after every use. Disposable fire extinguishers can be used only once and must be replaced after one use or 12 years from the date of manufacture.

If extinguishers are to be used by employees, then train­ing needs to take place upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter. If extinguishers are not intended for employee use and the employer has an emergency action plan and a fire prevention plan, then training is not required.